a self-propelled passenger vehicle with an internal combustion engine or an electric motor that is used for land transportation and typically has four to eight tires. Automobile engineering refers to the subfields of engineering that deal with the production and technological aspects of autos.
Our lives now would not be possible without the contemporary world’s comforts, which include automobiles. The vehicle is a lifeline for people because it is used for both passenger and cargo transportation. A vehicle that is not driven by humans but is instead driven by humans is an automobile. There are a wide range of autos, including cars, buses, trucks, bikes, etc. An automobile, such as a car, a bus, a truck, etc., is a self-propelled vehicle that has a power source for propulsion and is used to transport people and things over land.
car, a land-based self-propelled vehicle. In contrast to a truck, which is built with larger, heavier parts and is designed primarily for the transportation of goods, or a bus (or omnibus or coach), which is a large public conveyance designed to carry a great number of passengers and occasionally additionally small amounts of cargo, the term is commonly used to describe a four-wheeled vehicle designed to carry two to six passengers and a limited amount of cargo. Differential, fuel injection, ignition, internal combustion engine, lubrication, muffler, odometer, shock absorber, speedometer, steering system, suspension, tachometer, tire, and gearbox are some examples of how cars operate and their technological aspects.
The following categories are used to categorize vehicles:
1. Depending on the Load
- A heavy motor vehicle (HMV) or a heavy transport vehicle (HTV), a light motor vehicle (LTV), etc. (LMV),
2. In Light of Wheels
a vehicle with two wheels, such as a motorbike, scooter, or scooter. vehicles with three wheels, such as an autorickshaw, a three-wheel scooter for those with disabilities, etc. a vehicle with four wheels, such as a car, jeep, truck, bus, etc. vehicles with six wheels, such as large lorries with two gear axles.
3. Based on the fuel used
Petrol-powered vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, and scooters. such as trucks, buses, etc. that run on diesel fuel. an electric car that is powered by its battery. For instance, a steam engine-powered vehicle. liquefied LPG is used in gas vehicles like CNG and LPG automobiles.
4. A passenger car
- buses, taxis, cars, etc. Vehicles for moving goods: trucks, buses, containers, etc.
5. Vehicle with a specific use
- Fire department, ambulance, etc.
6. Load carrying capacity suggests
- Cars, Jeeps, and other light motor vehicles (LMVs).
7. The medium-duty vehicle (MMV)
- Trucks, tractors, and other heavy motor vehicles are examples of HMVs.
8. Depending on how many wheels there are
- Two-wheeled vehicle: motorcycle, scooter, etc.
- Tricycle: Autorickshaw, etc.
- Automobiles, Jeeps, and other vehicles with four wheels.
- Vehicles with six wheels: trucks, buses, etc.
9. According to body type
- Sedan Hatchback vehicle.
- Convertible Station wagon Coupe.
- Van Special purpose vehicle; examples are milk and ambulance vans.
10. Considering Transmission
- conventional automobiles with a manual transmission, like five-gear cars.
- Semi-automatic.
- Automatic: Manual gear changes are not necessary while using an automatic transmission.
11. Drive as a foundation
- Drive on the left.
- Drive on the right.
12. Based on the driving axle
- Drive with the front wheels.
- Back-wheel drive.
- wheel drive.
13. Place of Engine
The majority of cars have their engines in the front. as in the majority of automobiles, The rear side of the engine is a location found in very few vehicles, such as a Nano automobile.
The Automobile Superstructure
The body is a fundamental component of the chassis in integrated or frameless vehicles. But, in the case of the conventional chassis, the body or superstructure is created after the manufacturer delivers the chassis. The end use for which a vehicle is intended determines the body size.
Seats are padded for your comfort as you travel. The body includes glass windows all around it to shield the passengers from rain and dust. The bus’s body is built of metal, including all-aluminum bodies, which include pillars, structures, and paneling made of aluminum squares and sheets as well as steel section pillars with steel sheet paneling and steel section poles with aluminum paneling. This is due to the weight difference between aluminum and steel.
The truck’s body covers the driver’s compartment, leaving the rest exposed. Usually, these bodies are referred to as load bodies. In most situations, it is an open body, although for liquids such as water, milk, and fuel goods, tanks are installed on the chassis. With the use of I- or U-bolts and rubber packing between the chassis and body cross members, the body is fastened to the chassis.
Requirements for Vehicles
Several conditions should be met by the vehicle’s body. It ought to
- Use a soft touch.
- have a minimal amount of parts.
- possess a lengthy, tired existence.
- have a load that is evenly dispersed.
- have enough room for bags and passengers.
- Have easy access to the suspension and engine.
- When cars are running, there should be very little vibration.
- have the least amount of air resistance.
- Be inexpensive and simple to manufacture.
- able to see clearly through glass spaces all around.
- possess a pleasing shape and hue.
Automobile Security
Accident fatalities have prompted advancements in automotive safety engineering. The first innovation entails surrounding the car’s occupants in a sturdy cage while building the front and back out of lighter materials that can absorb impact forces. Seat belts are used in the second safety method to keep passengers in place. Until US states started establishing legislation mandating the use of seat belts, this was mainly ineffectual.
The third mechanism is the air bag, which inflates in the steering wheel or dashboard a few hundredths of a second after a particular sensor detects a collision to prevent a direct human hit with the wheel, dashboard, or windshield (newer vehicles sometimes include side air bags, to protect occupants from side collisions). Keyless ignition, which makes it impossible for a driver to start a car while under the influence of alcohol (over half of all vehicle fatalities involve at least one drunk driver), and antilock braking systems, which stop an automobile’s wheels from locking up when braking, are other advancements in vehicle safety.
